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Romans 9

The Jews have not believed in Christ

9 What I am telling you is true. I speak as someone who belongs to Christ. I am not telling lies. God's Holy Spirit rules my thoughts and I am sure that I am right. 2 I tell you this: Deep inside myself, I am always very sad and upset because of Israel's people. 3 I belong to the same family as they do. They are my own people. I really want them to believe in Christ too. If it would help them, I would even ask God to curse me. I would ask him to make me separate from Christ.

4 They are Israelite people. God chose them to belong to him as his own children. He showed them that he is very great. He made many agreements with them and he gave his Law to them. He showed them how they should worship him. He promised many good things to them. 5 It was their ancestors that God chose to make great many years ago. [ a ] And Christ himself, as a man, was born to an Israelite family. Christ is God, who rules over all things. We should praise him for ever! This is true! Amen.

6 God promised good things to Israel's people. But I am not saying that what God promised did not happen. It is clear that not all of Israel's people are God's true people. 7 Not all of them are true descendants of Abraham. God told Abraham, ‘It is only Isaac that I will call the father of your descendants.’

8 This means that not all of Abraham's children are really God's children. It is only those children who were born as a result of God's promise. Only they are the people that God calls true descendants. 9 This is what God promised to Abraham: ‘At this time next year I will come back. Then Sarah, your wife, will have a son.’ [ b ]

10 Remember this too: Later, Isaac's wife, Rebekah, gave birth to twins. Those two sons had the same father, who was our ancestor, Isaac. 11 And God spoke to Rebekah before her sons were born. God spoke before the boys had done anything either good or bad. God did this to show clearly that he himself was choosing one child. He was not choosing someone because of what that person had done. He himself decided who he would choose. 12 God said to Rebekah, ‘The older son will serve the younger son.’ 13 This is written in the Bible: ‘I loved Jacob, but I hated Esau.’ [ c ]

14 Because of this, someone might say that God is not fair. No! We should never say that! 15 Think about this. God said to Moses, ‘I will be kind to whoever I choose to be kind to. I will feel sorry for whoever I choose to feel sorry for.’ [ d ] 16 So then, it is God who decides these things. It is not because of what people want. It is not because of what people do. It is because God chooses to be kind.

17 The Bible tells us what God said to Pharaoh: ‘This is why I caused you to be king of Egypt. My purpose was to show how powerful I am. As a result, people everywhere would know that I am great.’ [ e ] 18 So we see this: God is kind to some people and he forgives them. But he causes some people, like Pharaoh, to turn against him. He chooses what he will do with each person.

God himself decides when he will be angry or kind

19 One of you may say to me, ‘God always does what he wants to do. Nobody can change what God makes them do. So God should not say that people have done wrong things.’ 20 But you are only human. You have no authority to speak against God like that. God has made you. A pot cannot speak against the person who made it! It cannot ask him, ‘Why did you make me like this?’ 21 Somebody who makes pots can choose to make any kind of pot. He can use the same piece of clay to make two different pots. One of the pots may be for special parties. The other pot is for dirty things.

22 What does that teach us about God? Some people are like pots that are ready for God to destroy. God is angry with people like that. He is ready to show his power against them. But he has chosen to wait patiently. He keeps his anger for later. 23 Other people are like valuable pots that God has chosen to make. God wants to be kind to people like that. He wants to use them to show people how great he is. He has prepared them to be with him for a special party in heaven. 24 We are those people! God has chosen us to be his people. It is not only Jews that he has chosen. He has also chosen Gentiles. 25 God says this in the book of Hosea:

‘I will say to people who were not my people,
“Now you are my people.”
I will say to people that I did not love,
“I love you.” ’ [ f ]

26 ‘God had said to them,
“You are not my people.”
In the same place where he said that,
people will now call them “Children of God, who lives for ever.” ’ [ g ]

27 Also, Isaiah, God's prophet, said this about Israel's people:

‘There are so many of Israel's people, nobody can count them.
They are as many as the bits of sand on the shore of the sea.
But God will save only a few of them.
28 The Lord God will finish his work quickly.
He has warned his people what he will do.
And he will punish them completely.’ [ h ]

29 Isaiah had already said this:

‘The Lord of great power has let some of our children live.
If he had not done that, no descendants would remain.
We would have become like the people in Sodom and Gomorrah.’ [ i ]

30 So, we must think about what all this means. The Gentiles were not trying to become right with God. But some of them have now become right with him. God has accepted them as right, because they have believed in Jesus Christ. 31 But Israel's people tried to find a law that would make them right with God. But they failed to become right with God. 32 They failed because they refused to believe in Christ. Instead, they were trying to do certain things so that God would accept them. Because of that they fell to the ground. Their feet hit the stone which causes people to fall. 33 It says this in the Bible:

‘Look, I am putting a special stone in Zion.
That stone will cause people to fall to the ground.
It is a rock that will make them fall down.
But anyone who believes in him will never be disappointed.’ [ j ]

Footnotes

  1. 9:5 The ancestors of Israel's people were Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. See Genesis 12—49 .
  2. 9:9 See Genesis 17:21 ; 18:10 , 14 .
  3. 9:13 See Malachi 1:2-3 . Later, God gave Jacob the name ‘Israel’. Jacob was the ancestor of the Israelites.
  4. 9:15 See Exodus 33:19 .
  5. 9:17 See Exodus 9:16 .
  6. 9:25 See Hosea 2:23 .
  7. 9:26 See Hosea 1:10 .
  8. 9:28 See Isaiah 10:22-23 .
  9. 9:29 See Isaiah 1:9 and Genesis 19:1-29 . Sodom and Gomorrah were small towns. The people who lived there refused to obey God. So God destroyed those towns.
  10. 9:33 See Isaiah 28:16 ; 8:14 and 1 Peter 2:6-8 . ‘Rock’ is one of God's names for Jesus. He is God's Messiah. It is difficult for people to believe that God will accept them only if they believe in Jesus Christ. They think that they can do good things and then he will accept them. This is why Jesus is like a rock that causes people to fall to the ground.

God and the Jewish People

9 I am in Christ and I am telling you the truth. I am not lying. And my conscience, ruled by the Holy Spirit, agrees that what I say now is true. 2 I have great sorrow and always feel much sadness 3 for my own people. They are my brothers and sisters, my earthly family. I wish I could help them. I would even have a curse on me and cut myself off from Christ if that would help them. 4 They are the people of Israel, God’s chosen children. They have the glory of God and the agreements he made between himself and his people. God gave them the Law of Moses, the Temple worship, and his promises. 5 They are the descendants of our great fathers, and they are the earthly family of the Messiah, who is God over all things. Praise him forever! [ a ] Amen.

6 I don’t mean that God failed to keep his promise to the Jewish people. But only some of the people of Israel are really God’s people. [ b ] 7 And only some of Abraham’s descendants are true children of Abraham. This is what God said to Abraham: “Your true descendants will be those who come through Isaac.” [ c ] 8 This means that not all of Abraham’s descendants are God’s true children. Abraham’s true children are those who become God’s children because of the promise he made to Abraham. 9 Here is what God said in that promise: “About this time next year I will come back, and Sarah will have a son.” [ d ]

10 And that is not all. Rebecca also had sons, and they had the same father. He is our father Isaac. 11-12 But before the two sons were born, God told Rebecca, “The older son will serve the younger.” [ e ] This was before the boys had done anything good or bad. God said this before they were born so that the boy he wanted would be chosen because of God’s own plan. He was chosen because he was the one God wanted to call, not because of anything the boys did. 13 As the Scriptures say, “I loved Jacob, but I hated Esau.” [ f ]

14 So what does this mean? That God is not fair? We cannot say that. 15 God said to Moses, “I will show mercy to anyone I want to show mercy to. I will show pity to anyone I choose.” [ g ] 16 So God will choose anyone he decides to show mercy to, and his choice does not depend on what people want or try to do. 17 In the Scriptures God says to Pharaoh: “I made you king so that you could do this for me. I wanted to show my power through you. I wanted my name to be announced throughout the world.” [ h ] 18 So God shows mercy to those he wants to show mercy to and makes stubborn those he wants to make stubborn.

19 So one of you will ask me, “If God controls what we do, why does he blame us for our sins?” 20 Don’t ask that. You are only human and have no right to question God. A clay jar does not question the one who made it. It does not say, “Why did you make me like this?” 21 The one who makes the jar can make anything he wants. He uses the same clay to make different things. He might make one thing for special purposes and another for daily use.

22 It is the same way with what God has done. He wanted to show his anger and to let people see his power. But he patiently endured those he was angry with—people who were ready to be destroyed. 23 He waited with patience so that he could make known the riches of his glory to the people he has chosen to receive his mercy. God has already prepared them to share his glory. 24 We are those people, the ones God chose not only from the Jews but also from those who are not Jews. 25 As the Scriptures say in the book of Hosea,

“The people who are not mine—
I will say they are my people.
And the people I did not love—
I will say they are the people I love.” ( A )

26 And,

“Where God said in the past,
‘You are not my people’—
there they will be called children of the living God.” ( B )

27 And Isaiah cries out about Israel:

“There are so many people of Israel,
they are like the grains of sand by the sea.
But only a few of them will be saved.
28 Yes, the Lord will quickly finish judging the people on the earth.” ( C )

29 It is just as Isaiah said:

“The Lord All-Powerful
allowed some of our people to live.
If he had not done that,
we would now be like Sodom,
and we would be like Gomorrah.” ( D )

30 So what does all this mean? It means that people who are not Jews were made right with God because of their faith, even though they were not trying to make themselves right. 31 And the people of Israel, who tried to make themselves right with God by following the law, did not succeed. 32 They failed because they tried to make themselves right by the things they did. They did not trust in God to make them right. They fell over the stone that makes people fall. 33 The Scriptures talk about that stone:

“Look, I put in Zion a stone that will make people stumble.
It is a rock that will make people fall.
But anyone who trusts in him
will never be disappointed.” ( E )

Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:5 Messiah, who is … forever! Or “Messiah. May God, who rules over all things, be praised forever!”
  2. Romans 9:6 God’s people Literally, “Israel,” the people God chose to bring his blessings to the world.
  3. Romans 9:7 Quote from Gen. 21:12 .
  4. Romans 9:9 Quote from Gen. 18:10 , 14 .
  5. Romans 9:11 Quote from Gen. 25:23 .
  6. Romans 9:13 Quote from Mal. 1:2-3 .
  7. Romans 9:15 Quote from Ex. 33:19 .
  8. Romans 9:17 Quote from Ex. 9:16 .

9 I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,

2 That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.

3 For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:

4 Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;

5 Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

6 Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:

7 Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.

8 That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.

9 For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son.

10 And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac;

11 (For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)

12 It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.

13 As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.

14 What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.

15 For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.

16 So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.

17 For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.

18 Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

19 Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?

20 Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?

21 Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?

22 What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:

23 And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,

24 Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?

25 As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.

26 And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.

27 Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:

28 For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.

29 And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.

31 But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

32 Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;

33 As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.

Deep Concern for Israel

9 ( A ) I am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying; my conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit, 2 that I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart. 3 For ( B ) I could [ a ] wish that I myself were ( C ) accursed, separated from Christ for the sake of my countrymen, my kinsmen ( D ) according to the flesh, 4 who are ( E ) Israelites, to whom belongs ( F ) the adoption as sons and daughters , ( G ) the glory, ( H ) the covenants, ( I ) the giving of the Law, ( J ) the temple service, and ( K ) the promises; 5 whose are ( L ) the fathers, and ( M ) from whom is the [ b ] Christ according to the flesh, ( N ) who is over all, ( O ) God ( P ) blessed [ c ] forever. Amen.

6 But it is not as though ( Q ) the word of God has failed. ( R ) For they are not all Israel who are descended from Israel; 7 nor are they all children ( S ) because they are Abraham’s [ d ] ( T ) descendants, but: “ [ e ] ( U ) through Isaac your [ f ] descendants shall be named .” 8 That is, it is not the children of the flesh [ g ] who are ( V ) children of God, but the ( W ) children of the promise are regarded as [ h ] ( X ) descendants. 9 For this is the word of promise: “ ( Y ) At this time I will come, and Sarah will have a son .” 10 ( Z ) And not only that , but there was also ( AA ) Rebekah, when she had conceived twins by one man, our father Isaac; 11 for though the twins were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that ( AB ) God’s purpose according to His choice would [ i ] stand, not [ j ] because of works but [ k ] because of Him who calls, 12 it was said to her, “ ( AC ) The older will serve the younger .” 13 Just as it is written: “ ( AD ) Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated .”

14 ( AE ) What shall we say then? ( AF ) There is no injustice with God, is there? [ l ] ( AG ) Far from it! 15 For He says to Moses, “ ( AH ) I will have mercy on whomever I have mercy, and I will show compassion to whomever I show compassion .” 16 So then, it does not depend on the person who [ m ] wants it nor the one who [ n ] ( AI ) runs, but on ( AJ ) God who has mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “ ( AK ) For this very reason I raised you up, in order to demonstrate My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed [ o ] throughout the earth .” 18 So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He ( AL ) hardens whom He desires.

19 ( AM ) You will say to me then, “ ( AN ) Why does He still find fault? For ( AO ) who has resisted His will?” 20 On the contrary, who are you, [ p ] ( AP ) you foolish person, who ( AQ ) answers back to God? ( AR ) The thing molded will not say to the molder, “Why did you make me like this,” will it? 21 Or does the potter not have a right over the clay, to make from the same lump one object [ q ] for honorable use, and another [ r ] for common use? 22 [ s ] What if God, although willing to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with great ( AS ) patience objects of wrath ( AT ) prepared for destruction? 23 And He did so to make known ( AU ) the riches of His glory upon ( AV ) objects of mercy, which He ( AW ) prepared beforehand for glory, 24 namely us, whom He also ( AX ) called, ( AY ) not only from among Jews, but also from among Gentiles, 25 as He also says in Hosea:

“ ( AZ ) I will call those who were not My people , ‘ My people ,’
And her who was not beloved , ‘ beloved .’”
26 “ ( BA ) And it shall be that in the place where it was said to them , ‘ you are not My people ,’
There they shall be called sons of ( BB ) the living God .”

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel, “ ( BC ) Though the number of the sons of Israel may be ( BD ) like the sand of the sea, only ( BE ) the remnant will be saved ; 28 ( BF ) for the Lord will execute His word on the earth , [ t ] thoroughly and [ u ] quickly .” 29 And just as Isaiah foretold:

“ ( BG ) If ( BH ) the Lord [ v ] of armies had not left us [ w ] ( BI ) descendants ,
( BJ ) We would have become like Sodom, and would have [ x ] been like Gomorrah .”

30 ( BK ) What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, attained righteousness, but ( BL ) the righteousness that is [ y ] by faith; 31 however, Israel, ( BM ) pursuing a law of righteousness, did not ( BN ) arrive at that law. 32 Why? Because they did not pursue it [ z ] by faith, but as though they could [ aa ] by works. They stumbled over ( BO ) the stumbling stone, 33 just as it is written:

“ ( BP ) Behold , I am laying in Zion ( BQ ) a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense ,
( BR ) And the one who believes in Him ( BS ) will not be [ ab ] put to shame .”

Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:3 Lit pray
  2. Romans 9:5 I.e., Messiah
  3. Romans 9:5 Lit unto the ages
  4. Romans 9:7 Lit seed
  5. Romans 9:7 Lit in
  6. Romans 9:7 Lit seed
  7. Romans 9:8 Lit these
  8. Romans 9:8 Lit seed
  9. Romans 9:11 Lit remain
  10. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  11. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  12. Romans 9:14 Lit May it never happen !
  13. Romans 9:16 Or wills nor
  14. Romans 9:16 I.e., to win mercy or favor
  15. Romans 9:17 Lit in all
  16. Romans 9:20 Lit O
  17. Romans 9:21 Lit for honor
  18. Romans 9:21 Lit for dishonor
  19. Romans 9:22 Lit But
  20. Romans 9:28 Lit finishing it
  21. Romans 9:28 Lit cutting it short
  22. Romans 9:29 Gr sabaoth , for Heb tsebaoth (armies)
  23. Romans 9:29 Lit seed
  24. Romans 9:29 Lit been made like
  25. Romans 9:30 Lit out of
  26. Romans 9:32 Lit out of
  27. Romans 9:32 Lit out of
  28. Romans 9:33 Or disappointed

Paul’s Anguish Over Israel

9 I speak the truth in Christ—I am not lying, ( A ) my conscience confirms ( B ) it through the Holy Spirit— 2 I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself ( C ) were cursed ( D ) and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people, ( E ) those of my own race, ( F ) 4 the people of Israel. ( G ) Theirs is the adoption to sonship; ( H ) theirs the divine glory, ( I ) the covenants, ( J ) the receiving of the law, ( K ) the temple worship ( L ) and the promises. ( M ) 5 Theirs are the patriarchs, ( N ) and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah, ( O ) who is God over all, ( P ) forever praised! [ a ] ( Q ) Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice

6 It is not as though God’s word ( R ) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel. ( S ) 7 Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.” [ b ] ( T ) 8 In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children, ( U ) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring. ( V ) 9 For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.” [ c ] ( W )

10 Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac. ( X ) 11 Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad ( Y ) —in order that God’s purpose ( Z ) in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.” [ d ] ( AA ) 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” [ e ] ( AB )

14 What then shall we say? ( AC ) Is God unjust? Not at all! ( AD ) 15 For he says to Moses,

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,
and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” [ f ] ( AE )

16 It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy. ( AF ) 17 For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” [ g ] ( AG ) 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden. ( AH )

19 One of you will say to me: ( AI ) “Then why does God still blame us? ( AJ ) For who is able to resist his will?” ( AK ) 20 But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God? ( AL ) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it, ( AM ) ‘Why did you make me like this?’” [ h ] ( AN ) 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use? ( AO )

22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience ( AP ) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction? ( AQ ) 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory ( AR ) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory ( AS ) — 24 even us, whom he also called, ( AT ) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? ( AU ) 25 As he says in Hosea:

“I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;
and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,” [ i ] ( AV )

26 and,

“In the very place where it was said to them,
‘You are not my people,’
there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’” [ j ] ( AW )

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:

“Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea, ( AX )
only the remnant will be saved. ( AY )
28 For the Lord will carry out
his sentence on earth with speed and finality.” [ k ] ( AZ )

29 It is just as Isaiah said previously:

“Unless the Lord Almighty ( BA )
had left us descendants,
we would have become like Sodom,
we would have been like Gomorrah.” [ l ] ( BB )

Israel’s Unbelief

30 What then shall we say? ( BC ) That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith; ( BD ) 31 but the people of Israel, who pursued the law as the way of righteousness, ( BE ) have not attained their goal. ( BF ) 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone. ( BG ) 33 As it is written:

“See, I lay in Zion a stone that causes people to stumble
and a rock that makes them fall,
and the one who believes in him will never be put to shame.” [ m ] ( BH )

Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!
  2. Romans 9:7 Gen. 21:12
  3. Romans 9:9 Gen. 18:10,14
  4. Romans 9:12 Gen. 25:23
  5. Romans 9:13 Mal. 1:2,3
  6. Romans 9:15 Exodus 33:19
  7. Romans 9:17 Exodus 9:16
  8. Romans 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9
  9. Romans 9:25 Hosea 2:23
  10. Romans 9:26 Hosea 1:10
  11. Romans 9:28 Isaiah 10:22,23 (see Septuagint)
  12. Romans 9:29 Isaiah 1:9
  13. Romans 9:33 Isaiah 8:14; 28:16
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