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BibleStudyIt Isaiah 5

  • Isaiah Chapter 5

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The song of the vineyard

5 Now I will sing a song for the person that I love. I will sing to him about his vineyard.

‘The one that I love had a vineyard.
It was on a hill where the soil is good.
2 He dug the ground and he removed the stones.
He planted the best vines in it.
He built a tower in the middle of the vineyard
so that he could watch it.
He built a place to squeeze the grapes
to make wine.
Then he waited for the vines to make sweet grapes.
But the vines made only bitter grapes.’

3 So now, listen to me, you people who live in Jerusalem and in Judah. You must be the judge! Who did what was right? Was it me or my vineyard? You decide!

4 I did everything that I could to help my vineyard. I could have done no more! But when I waited to get sweet grapes from the vines, there were only bitter ones! Why was that?

5 Now I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard. I will break down its walls, so that it becomes an open field. Then wild animals will go in and they will destroy the vines.

6 I will make the land become useless. Nobody will take care of the vines. Nobody will dig the ground. Weeds and thorn bushes will grow there. I will command the clouds, ‘Do not drop any rain on it.’

7 Israel's nation is like the vineyard of the Lord Almighty. Judah's people are his beautiful garden. But when the Lord looked there for justice, he found only murder! When he looked for people who were righteous, he saw that they were cruel.

Bad trouble will come

8 It will be very bad for you people who buy many houses for yourselves. You also buy land to join to the land that you already have. Then there is no more land left for anyone else. You are the only people who remain on the land.

9 I have heard the Lord Almighty promise this: ‘All these great, beautiful houses will certainly become empty. There will be nobody to live in them.

10 Large vineyards will give only a few bottles of wine. If you plant ten bags of seed, you will only get one bag of grain as your harvest.’

11 It will be bad for you people who like to get up early to start drinking. You continue to drink late into the night, until you are very drunk.

12 You have wild parties with plenty of music and wine. You make music with your lyres, harps, tambourines and flutes. But you do not understand the things that the Lord is doing. You do not see the things that he has made.

13 Because of that, my people will go into exile in countries far away. They do not know God. Their leaders will die because they have nothing to eat. All the other people will have nothing to drink.

14 So the deep hole of death will be hungry! It will open wide to eat the people of Jerusalem. The leaders and the people will go down into it. It will eat up those who are happy at their wild parties in Jerusalem.

15 So the Lord will bring its people down low. Its proud people will become ashamed.

16 But the Lord Almighty will be lifted up high by his justice. People will know that he is holy when he comes as judge.

17 Then lambs will find good grass to eat, as they do in their own fields. Fat sheep will find food to eat among the stones of the old houses.

18 It will be very bad for you people who are always deceiving others. You cannot leave your sins behind, like someone who pulls a cart with a rope.

19 People like that laugh at God. They say, ‘The Lord should do something quickly! We want to see what he can do. The holy God of Israel should do what he has decided to do. Then we will really know what that is!’

20 It will be very bad for people who call evil things good. And they call good things evil. They say, ‘It is light’, when it is dark. And they say, ‘It is dark’, when it is light. They say that bitter things are sweet. And they say that sweet things are bitter.

21 It will be very bad for people who think that they are wise. They think that they are very clever.

22 It will be very bad for people who think that they are famous because they can drink a lot of wine. They think that they are very brave to mix strong drinks together.

23 If people like that receive a bribe, they will not say that wicked people are guilty. They also refuse to say that righteous people are not guilty.

24 Because of that, they will come to a bad end. It will be for them like a hot fire that destroys dry grass. Their roots will die and their flowers will blow away like dust. They have refused to obey the laws of the Lord Almighty. They have not listened to the message that the holy God of Israel has taught them.

25 So the Lord has become angry with his people. He is ready to punish them. He has lifted up his hand, so that the mountains shake. Dead bodies of people are lying all over the streets. But that is not enough! The Lord is still angry with them. His hand is ready to punish them even more.

26 The Lord will send a message to foreign nations to come and attack. He calls to nations that are far away, and now they are already coming! Their armies march quickly to Jerusalem.

27 None of their soldiers are tired. They do not fall down. Nobody rests. Nobody sleeps. They have tied their belts strongly. Their shoes do not break in pieces. 28 Their arrows are sharp. Their bows are ready to shoot. Their horses' feet are as hard as stones. The wheels of their chariots go round very fast.

29 As they march to fight, they roar like lions. They are like strong young lions that catch other animals to eat. They carry their prisoners away to places where nobody can rescue them.

30 On the day that they attack, the enemy will roar over the people that they catch. They will make a noise like a rough sea. If anyone looks across the land, it will be completely dark because of all the trouble. Clouds will make the light of day become dark.

Judah, God’s Vineyard

5 Now I will sing a song for my friend, my love song about his vineyard.

My friend had a vineyard
on a very fertile hill.
2 He dug and cleared the field
and planted the best grapevines there.
He built a tower in the middle
and cut a winepress into the stone.
He expected good grapes to grow there,
but there were only rotten ones.

3 My friend said, “You people living in Jerusalem and you people of Judah, [ a ]
think about me and my vineyard.
4 What more could I do for my vineyard?
I did everything I could.
I hoped for good grapes to grow,
but there were only rotten ones.
Why did that happen?

5 “Now I will tell you
what I will do to my vineyard:
I will pull up the thornbushes that protect it,
and I will burn them.
I will break down the stone wall
and use the stones for a walkway.
6 I will turn my vineyard into useless land.
No one will care for the plants or work in the field.
Weeds and thorns will grow there.
I will command the clouds
not to rain on it.”

7 The vineyard that belongs to the Lord All-Powerful is the house of Israel. The grapevine, the plant he loves, is the man of Judah. [ b ]

The Lord hoped for justice,
but there was only killing.
He hoped for fairness,
but there were only cries from people being treated badly.

8 Look at you people! You join houses to houses and fields to fields until there is no room for anyone else. But when the punishment comes, you will be forced to live alone. You will be the only people in the whole land. 9 I heard the Lord All-Powerful make this oath: “I swear, all these houses will be destroyed. These big, fancy houses will be empty. 10 A ten-acre vineyard will make only a little wine, [ c ] and many sacks of seed will grow only a little grain. [ d ]

11 How terrible it will be for you people who rise early in the morning and go looking for beer to drink. You stay awake late at night, getting drunk on wine. 12 At your parties with your wine, harps, drums, flutes, and other musical instruments, you don’t see what the Lord has done. You don’t notice what his hands have made.

13 My people don’t really know God. So they will be captured and taken away. Everyone, the respected leaders and the common people as well, will be hungry and thirsty. 14 They will die, and the place of death will open its mouth wide and swallow many of them. Then the noisy crowds and all the beautiful, happy people who are now so comfortable will go down into the grave.

15 Everyone, common people and leaders alike, will be humbled. Those who are now so proud will bow their heads in shame. 16 The Lord All-Powerful will judge fairly, and people will honor him. They will respect the Holy God when he brings justice. 17 Then sheep will be able to go wherever they want and graze on the land that rich people once owned.

18 Look at those people! They pull their guilt and sins behind them like people pulling wagons with ropes. [ e ] 19 They say, “We wish God would hurry and do what he plans to do so that we can see it. Let the plan of the Holy One of Israel happen soon so that we can know what it is.”

20 Look at those people! They say good is bad and bad is good. They think light is dark and dark is light. They think sour is sweet and sweet is sour. 21 They think they are so smart. They think they are very intelligent. 22 They are famous for drinking wine and are heroes known for mixing drinks. 23 And if you pay them enough money, they will forgive a criminal. But they will not let good people be judged fairly. 24 So bad things will happen to them. Their descendants will be destroyed completely, just as fire burns straw and leaves. Their descendants will be like plants with rotten roots, whose flowers have all blown away like dust in the wind.

Those people refused to obey the teachings [ f ] of the Lord All-Powerful. They hated the message from the Holy One of Israel. 25 So the Lord became angry with his people, and he raised his hand to punish them. Even the mountains shook with fear. Dead bodies were left in the streets like garbage. And he is not finished yet. He is still angry, and his arm is raised to continue punishing his people.

God Will Bring Armies to Punish Israel

26 Look! God is giving a sign to the nations far away. He is raising a flag and whistling for them to come.

Now the enemy is coming from a faraway land and will soon enter the country. They are moving very quickly. 27 The enemy soldiers never get tired and stumble. They never get sleepy and fall asleep. Their weapon belts are always ready. Their sandal straps never break. 28 Their arrows are sharp. Their bows are strung and ready to shoot. The horses’ hooves are as hard as flint. Clouds of dust rise from behind their chariots.

29 The shouts of the enemy sound like the roar of lions. Like strong, young lions, they growl and grab their prey. The captives struggle and try to escape, but there is no one to save them. 30 Then there is a roar as loud as the ocean waves, and the captives turn their faces to the ground. And there is only darkness closing in as the light fades away in a black cloud.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 5:3 You people … Judah Or “Rulers of Jerusalem and leader of Judah ….”
  2. Isaiah 5:7 man of Judah This could mean either “the king of Judah” or simply, “people of Judah.”
  3. Isaiah 5:10 only a little wine Literally, “one bath,” a measure that equals about 6 gallons (22 l).
  4. Isaiah 5:10 only a little grain Literally, “A homer of seed will grow only an ephah of grain.” A homer equals about 6 bushels (220 l). An ephah equals about 2/3 bushel (22 l).
  5. Isaiah 5:18 ropes Literally, “useless ropes.” The Hebrew words here are like those meaning “useless things,” that is, idols.
  6. Isaiah 5:24 teachings This can also mean “laws.” Sometimes this means the laws God gave Moses to teach to the people of Israel.

5 Now will I sing to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My wellbeloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill:

2 And he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also made a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes.

3 And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard.

4 What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

5 And now go to; I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard: I will take away the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up; and break down the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down:

6 And I will lay it waste: it shall not be pruned, nor digged; but there shall come up briers and thorns: I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it.

7 For the vineyard of the Lord of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.

8 Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of the earth!

9 In mine ears said the Lord of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, even great and fair, without inhabitant.

10 Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.

11 Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them!

12 And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the Lord , neither consider the operation of his hands.

13 Therefore my people are gone into captivity, because they have no knowledge: and their honourable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst.

14 Therefore hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without measure: and their glory, and their multitude, and their pomp, and he that rejoiceth, shall descend into it.

15 And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled:

16 But the Lord of hosts shall be exalted in judgment, and God that is holy shall be sanctified in righteousness.

17 Then shall the lambs feed after their manner, and the waste places of the fat ones shall strangers eat.

18 Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope:

19 That say, Let him make speed, and hasten his work, that we may see it: and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw nigh and come, that we may know it!

20 Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

21 Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight!

22 Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink:

23 Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him!

24 Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the Lord of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

25 Therefore is the anger of the Lord kindled against his people, and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten them: and the hills did tremble, and their carcases were torn in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

26 And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come with speed swiftly:

27 None shall be weary nor stumble among them; none shall slumber nor sleep; neither shall the girdle of their loins be loosed, nor the latchet of their shoes be broken:

28 Whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent, their horses' hoofs shall be counted like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind:

29 Their roaring shall be like a lion, they shall roar like young lions: yea, they shall roar, and lay hold of the prey, and shall carry it away safe, and none shall deliver it.

30 And in that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow, and the light is darkened in the heavens thereof.

Parable of the Vineyard

5 Let me sing now for my beloved
A song of my beloved about His vineyard.
My beloved had a ( A ) vineyard on [ a ] a fertile hill.
2 He dug it all around, cleared it of stones,
And planted it with [ b ] the ( B ) choicest vine.
And He built a tower in the middle of it,
And also carved out a [ c ] wine vat in it;
Then He ( C ) expected it to produce good grapes,
But it produced only [ d ] worthless ones.

3 “And now, you inhabitants of Jerusalem and people of Judah,
( D ) Judge between Me and My vineyard.
4 ( E ) What more was there to do for My vineyard [ e ] that I have not done in it?
Why, when I expected it to produce good grapes did it produce [ f ] worthless ones?
5 So now let Me tell you what I am going to do to My vineyard:
I will ( F ) remove its hedge and it will be consumed;
I will ( G ) break down its wall and it will become ( H ) trampled ground.
6 I will ( I ) lay it waste;
It will not be pruned nor hoed,
But briars and thorns will come up.
I will also command the clouds not to ( J ) rain on it.”

7 For the ( K ) vineyard of the Lord of armies is the house of Israel,
And the people of Judah are His delightful plant.
So He waited for justice, but behold, there was ( L ) bloodshed;
For righteousness, but behold, a cry for help.

Woes for the Wicked

8 Woe to those who ( M ) attach house to house and join field to field,
Until there is no more room,
And you alone are a landowner in the midst of the land!
9 In my ears the Lord of armies has sworn , “ ( N ) Many houses shall certainly become ( O ) desolate,
Even great and fine ones, without occupants.
10 For ( P ) ten acres of vineyard will yield only one [ g ] bath of wine ,
And a [ h ] ( Q ) homer of seed will yield only an [ i ] ephah of grain.”
11 Woe to those who rise early in the morning so that they may pursue ( R ) intoxicating drink,
Who stay up late in the evening so that wine may inflame them!
12 Their banquets are accompanied by lyre and ( S ) harp, by tambourine and flute, and by wine;
But they ( T ) do not pay attention to the deeds of the Lord ,
Nor do they consider the work of His hands.

13 Therefore My people go into exile for their ( U ) lack of knowledge;
And their [ j ] ( V ) nobles are famished,
And their multitude is parched with thirst.
14 Therefore ( W ) Sheol has enlarged its [ k ] throat and opened its mouth beyond measure;
And [ l ] Jerusalem’s splendor, her multitude, her noise of revelry , and the jubilant within her, descend into it .
15 So the common people will be humbled and the person of importance brought low,
( X ) The eyes of the haughty also will be brought low.
16 But the ( Y ) Lord of armies will be ( Z ) exalted in judgment,
And the holy God will show Himself ( AA ) holy in righteousness.
17 ( AB ) Then the lambs will graze as in their pasture,
And strangers will eat in the ruins of the [ m ] wealthy.

18 Woe to those who drag ( AC ) wrongdoing with the cords of [ n ] deceit,
And sin as if with cart ropes;
19 ( AD ) Who say, “Let Him hurry, let Him do His work quickly, so that we may see it ;
And let the plan of the Holy One of Israel approach
And come to pass, so that we may know it !”
20 Woe to those who ( AE ) call evil good, and good evil;
Who [ o ] ( AF ) substitute darkness for light and light for darkness;
Who [ p ] substitute bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter!
21 Woe to those who are ( AG ) wise in their own eyes
And [ q ] clever in their own sight!
22 ( AH ) Woe to those who are heroes in drinking wine,
And valiant men in mixing intoxicating drink,
23 ( AI ) Who declare the wicked innocent for a bribe,
And ( AJ ) take away the [ r ] rights of the ones who are in the right!

24 Therefore, ( AK ) as a tongue of fire consumes stubble,
And dry grass collapses in the flame,
So their ( AL ) root will become ( AM ) like rot, and their blossom [ s ] blow away like dust;
For they have ( AN ) rejected the Law of the Lord of armies,
And discarded the word of the Holy One of Israel.
25 For this reason the ( AO ) anger of the Lord has burned against His people,
And He has stretched out His hand against them and struck them.
And the ( AP ) mountains quaked, and their ( AQ ) corpses [ t ] lay like refuse in the middle of the streets.
( AR ) Despite all this, His anger [ u ] is not spent,
But His ( AS ) hand is still stretched out.

26 He will also lift up a ( AT ) flag to the distant [ v ] nation,
And ( AU ) whistle for it ( AV ) from the ends of the earth;
And behold, it will ( AW ) come with speed swiftly.
27 ( AX ) No one in it is tired or stumbles,
No one slumbers or sleeps;
Nor is the ( AY ) undergarment at his waist loosened,
Nor his sandal strap broken.
28 [ w ] ( AZ ) Its arrows are sharp and all its bows are bent;
The hoofs of its horses [ x ] seem like flint, and its chariot ( BA ) wheels like a storm wind.
29 Its ( BB ) roaring is like a lioness, and it roars like young lions;
It growls as it ( BC ) seizes the prey
And carries it off with ( BD ) no one to save it .
30 And it will ( BE ) roar against it on that day like the roaring of the sea.
If one ( BF ) looks across to the land, behold, there is darkness and distress;
Even the light is darkened by its clouds.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 5:1 Lit horn, a son of fatness
  2. Isaiah 5:2 Lit a bright red grape
  3. Isaiah 5:2 Or wine press
  4. Isaiah 5:2 Or unripe
  5. Isaiah 5:4 Lit and I have not done
  6. Isaiah 5:4 Or unripe
  7. Isaiah 5:10 About 6 gallons or 23 liters
  8. Isaiah 5:10 About 7.7 cubic feet or 0.22 cubit meters or more
  9. Isaiah 5:10 About 1 cubic foot or 0.03 cubic meters
  10. Isaiah 5:13 Lit glory is men of famine
  11. Isaiah 5:14 Or appetite
  12. Isaiah 5:14 Lit her
  13. Isaiah 5:17 Lit fat
  14. Isaiah 5:18 Or worthlessness
  15. Isaiah 5:20 Lit set
  16. Isaiah 5:20 Lit set
  17. Isaiah 5:21 Lit discerning
  18. Isaiah 5:23 Lit justice
  19. Isaiah 5:24 Lit ascend
  20. Isaiah 5:25 Lit were
  21. Isaiah 5:25 Lit has not turned away
  22. Isaiah 5:26 Lit nations ; prob. Assyria
  23. Isaiah 5:28 Lit Which, its arrows
  24. Isaiah 5:28 Lit are regarded as

The Song of the Vineyard

5 I will sing for the one I love
a song about his vineyard: ( A )
My loved one had a vineyard
on a fertile hillside.
2 He dug it up and cleared it of stones
and planted it with the choicest vines. ( B )
He built a watchtower ( C ) in it
and cut out a winepress ( D ) as well.
Then he looked for a crop of good grapes,
but it yielded only bad fruit. ( E )

3 “Now you dwellers in Jerusalem and people of Judah,
judge between me and my vineyard. ( F )
4 What more could have been done for my vineyard
than I have done for it? ( G )
When I looked for good grapes,
why did it yield only bad? ( H )
5 Now I will tell you
what I am going to do to my vineyard:
I will take away its hedge,
and it will be destroyed; ( I )
I will break down its wall, ( J )
and it will be trampled. ( K )
6 I will make it a wasteland, ( L )
neither pruned nor cultivated,
and briers and thorns ( M ) will grow there.
I will command the clouds
not to rain ( N ) on it.”

7 The vineyard ( O ) of the Lord Almighty
is the nation of Israel,
and the people of Judah
are the vines he delighted in.
And he looked for justice, ( P ) but saw bloodshed;
for righteousness, ( Q ) but heard cries of distress. ( R )

Woes and Judgments

8 Woe ( S ) to you who add house to house
and join field to field ( T )
till no space is left
and you live alone in the land.

9 The Lord Almighty ( U ) has declared in my hearing: ( V )

“Surely the great houses will become desolate, ( W )
the fine mansions left without occupants.
10 A ten-acre vineyard will produce only a bath [ a ] of wine;
a homer [ b ] of seed will yield only an ephah [ c ] of grain.” ( X )

11 Woe ( Y ) to those who rise early in the morning
to run after their drinks,
who stay up late at night
till they are inflamed with wine. ( Z )
12 They have harps and lyres at their banquets,
pipes ( AA ) and timbrels ( AB ) and wine,
but they have no regard ( AC ) for the deeds of the Lord ,
no respect for the work of his hands. ( AD )
13 Therefore my people will go into exile ( AE )
for lack of understanding; ( AF )
those of high rank ( AG ) will die of hunger
and the common people will be parched with thirst. ( AH )
14 Therefore Death ( AI ) expands its jaws,
opening wide its mouth; ( AJ )
into it will descend their nobles and masses
with all their brawlers and revelers. ( AK )
15 So people will be brought low ( AL )
and everyone humbled, ( AM )
the eyes of the arrogant ( AN ) humbled.
16 But the Lord Almighty will be exalted ( AO ) by his justice, ( AP )
and the holy God will be proved holy ( AQ ) by his righteous acts.
17 Then sheep will graze as in their own pasture; ( AR )
lambs will feed [ d ] among the ruins of the rich.

18 Woe ( AS ) to those who draw sin along with cords ( AT ) of deceit,
and wickedness ( AU ) as with cart ropes,
19 to those who say, “Let God hurry;
let him hasten ( AV ) his work
so we may see it.
The plan of the Holy One ( AW ) of Israel—
let it approach, let it come into view,
so we may know it.” ( AX )

20 Woe ( AY ) to those who call evil good ( AZ )
and good evil, ( BA )
who put darkness for light
and light for darkness, ( BB )
who put bitter for sweet
and sweet for bitter. ( BC )

21 Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes ( BD )
and clever in their own sight.

22 Woe to those who are heroes at drinking wine ( BE )
and champions at mixing drinks, ( BF )
23 who acquit the guilty for a bribe, ( BG )
but deny justice ( BH ) to the innocent. ( BI )
24 Therefore, as tongues of fire ( BJ ) lick up straw ( BK )
and as dry grass sinks down in the flames,
so their roots will decay ( BL )
and their flowers blow away like dust; ( BM )
for they have rejected the law of the Lord Almighty
and spurned the word ( BN ) of the Holy One ( BO ) of Israel.
25 Therefore the Lord ’s anger ( BP ) burns against his people;
his hand is raised and he strikes them down.
The mountains shake, ( BQ )
and the dead bodies ( BR ) are like refuse ( BS ) in the streets. ( BT )

Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away, ( BU )
his hand is still upraised. ( BV )

26 He lifts up a banner ( BW ) for the distant nations,
he whistles ( BX ) for those at the ends of the earth. ( BY )
Here they come,
swiftly and speedily!
27 Not one of them grows tired ( BZ ) or stumbles,
not one slumbers or sleeps;
not a belt ( CA ) is loosened at the waist, ( CB )
not a sandal strap is broken. ( CC )
28 Their arrows are sharp, ( CD )
all their bows ( CE ) are strung;
their horses’ hooves ( CF ) seem like flint,
their chariot wheels like a whirlwind. ( CG )
29 Their roar is like that of the lion, ( CH )
they roar like young lions;
they growl as they seize ( CI ) their prey
and carry it off with no one to rescue. ( CJ )
30 In that day ( CK ) they will roar over it
like the roaring of the sea. ( CL )
And if one looks at the land,
there is only darkness ( CM ) and distress; ( CN )
even the sun will be darkened ( CO ) by clouds.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 5:10 That is, about 6 gallons or about 22 liters
  2. Isaiah 5:10 That is, probably about 360 pounds or about 160 kilograms
  3. Isaiah 5:10 That is, probably about 36 pounds or about 16 kilograms
  4. Isaiah 5:17 Septuagint; Hebrew / strangers will eat